Efficacy of different fluids preload on propofol injection pain: A randomized, controlled, double-blinded study / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Injection pain of propofol remains a common clinical problem. Previous studies demonstrated that propofol injection pain was alleviated by applying nitroglycerin ointment to the skin of injection site, which inspires us to test whether venous vasodilation induced by fluid preload could alleviate the pain. Different types or volumes of fluid preload were compared. 200 ASA I-II adult patients were randomly assigned to five groups of 40 each. A 20 G cannula was established on the dorsum or wrist of the hand. When fluid preload given with Plasma-Lyte A 100 mL (P100 group), 250 mL (P250 group), 500 mL (P500 group), 0.9% saline 500 mL (N500 group) or Gelofusine 500 mL (G500 group) was completed within 30 min, respectively, Propofol (0.5 mg/kg, 1%) was injected at a rate of 0.5 mL/s. A blind investigator assessed the pain using a four-point scale. Incidence of pain in P100, P250, and P500 groups was 87.5%, 57.5% and 35%, respectively (P<0.05). The median pain intensity score was significantly lower in P500 group than that in P250 and P100 groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Comparison of the effect of different types of solution preload indicated that the highest incidence of pain was in N500 group (62.5%) (N500 vs. P500, P=0.014; N500 vs. G500, P=0.007). The median pain intensity score in N500 group was higher than that in P500 group (P<0.05) and G500 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between P500 and G500 groups. It is suggested that Plasma-Lyte A or Gelofusine preload with 500 mL before propofol injection is effective in alleviating propofol-induced pain.

Effects of colloid preload on placenta stereology and cord blood S100β protein during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the optimal dose of colloid preload, which is both safe and effective, for preventing hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five healthy, termed parturients scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to 3 colloid preload groups to receive gelofusine infusion at the rates of 5, 10, or 15 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) (groups I, II, and III, respectively). Colloid preload was administered 10 min before spinal anesthesia and maintained until the delivery. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the parturients were monitored during the operation, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were recorded. S100β protein concentration and blood gas values of the umbilical artery were also measured. The vascular adaptation in the placental villous capillary was evaluated stereologically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At each time point of measurement, BP and HR showed no significant differences among the 3 groups during the operation (P>0.05), but within the same group, BP and HR underwent significant variations during the operation; groups II and III maintained more stable hemodynamics compared to group I. Apgar scores and blood gas analysis, pH value, and S100β protein in the umbilical artery showed no significant differences among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The 3 groups exhibited no significant differences in the length and volume density of the placental villous capillaries (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Colloid preload with gelofusine administered at the rate of 10 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) can reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with the least adverse maternal and fetal effects.</p>

An open pilot study of the efficacy and safety of polygeline in adult subjects with dengue haemorrhagic Fever.

Aim: to observe the efficacy and safety of Polygeline colloid (Haemaccel) in adults with stage I - II of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Methods: an open, non-comparative clinical trial. The subjects were male or female between 17 - 55 years old, who fulfilled the criteria of stage I or II of DHF according to WHO and selected with consecutive sampling. Fluid treatments were given following this protocol: polygeline i.v. infusion: 500 ml over first 6 hours and continued with 500 ml for the next 18 hours, and maintained to 1000 mL/24 hours from day-2 until maximum day-5. Ringer's lactate infusion: 1000 mL/18 hours from the first day to maximum day-5, as maintenance. Efficacy and safety of polygeline colloid were evaluated using initial stabilization of haematocrite level, measured as percentage of clinical trial subject who has stabilization of haemodynamic status based on serial haematocrite levels examinations, total parenteral fluid required and length of hospitalization. Statisticial analysis was done using ANOVA test and post hoc analysis using Turkey test. Results: there were 43 subjects who completely participated in this study and included in analysis. From baseline levels, haematocrite decreased in first 6 hours during fluid treatment. This decrement persisted in 48 hours of observation. Statistical analysis with ANOVA test showed the significant differences of haematocrite level during observation (Sum of square between groups 495 and within group 4845, p= 0.000). Post hoc analysis with Turkey test showed significant differences of haematocrite level from baseline level to 48, 72 and 96 hours during observation periods. Conclusion: this pilot study showed that polygeline colloid was a safe initial fluid treatment and can be used for maintaining fluid adequacy in adults with stage I-II of DHF.

Prevention of hypotension during propofol induction: a comparison of preloading with 3.5% polymers of degraded gelatin (Haemaccel) and intravenous ephedrine.

The present study compared the efficacy of preloading with colloid "Haemaccel" with vasoconstrictor (intravenous ephedrine sulphate) in preventing hypotension during propofol induction. This prospective, randomized study included 120 patients of Amercan Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II ageing 21 to 50 years of both gender coming for routine surgery. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups with 40 patients in each. Group A (control) did not receive any study medication, group B received Haemaccel (10 ml/kg intravenously over 10-15 minutes) and group C received injection ephedrine (0.2 mg/kg iv) prior to induction of anaesthesia. Propofol (2.5 mg/kg iv) was used for induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before induction (baseline) and then every minute for 5 minutes after administering propofol. Anaesthesia was continued with standard technique thereafter. Hypotension was defined as fall in systolic blood pressure more than 20% from the basal value. The incidence of hypotension in Haemaccel (23.1%) or ephedrine group (22.5%) was significantly less than the control group (67.5%, P<0.01). We conclude that though preloading with colloid (Haemaccel) or prior injection of sympathomimetic (ephedrine) are not fully efficacious in preventing hypotension caused by propofol induction, both decrease the incidence in significant number of patients with heart rate less than baseline value in the colloid group.

Coloides / Colloids

En esta presentación se hace un recuento histórico de la aplicación de terapias intravenosas para reanimación básica en campos de batalla y epidemias por causa infecciosa. Se analizan las propiedades reológicas y efectos vasculares, renales y hepáticos de las diferentes sustancias cristaloides, coloides, dextranos y poligelatinas. Aunque la aplicación, el tiempo, la dosis y la patología básica son controversiales el autor indica una serie de razones basadas en las recomendaciones del consenso en 1995 y diversos grados de evidencia, para inclinarse por el uso de coloides con las excepciones debidas a cada caso en particular...

Randomized evaluation of fluid resuscitation with crystalloid (saline) and colloid (polymer from degraded gelatin in saline) in pediatric septic shock.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of crystalloid (Normal saline) and colloid (polymer from degraded Gelatin in saline Haemaccel) intravenous fluid in restoration of circulating volume in children with septic shock. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-label trial. SETTING: Pediatric Emergency and Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care referral and teaching hospital. SUBJECTS AND INCLUSION CRITERIA: Sixty patients, between 1 month to 12 years of age, with septic shock, without clinical evidence of organ failure at admission or underlying immunodeficiency. INTERVENTION: Resuscitation with normal saline or polymer from degraded gelatin (Haemaccel) in the boluses rate of 20 mL/kg till hemodynamic stabilization or if central venous pressure (CVP) exceeded 10 mmHg (fluid requirement beyond 40 mL/kg guided by BP and CVP). METHODS: Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, capillary filling time, pulse volume, and blood pressure) were recorded before and during resuscitation, and then 2 hourly for 12 hours. Central venous pressure line was placed within first hour, soon after starting fluids. Estimation of plasma volume and body water was done at the end of first hour of fluid resuscitation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Hemodynamic stabilization (heart rate, capillary refill time, systolic BP in normal range), plasma volume at the end of fluid resuscitation and incidence of organ dysfunction. RESULTS: 31 patients were randomized to normal saline and 29 to gelatin polymer. Both the groups were similar with respect to age, gender, primary diagnosis, initial hemodynamic parameters and PRISM score. Pneumonia (n = 22; 36%), gut-associated sepsis (n = 13), and dengue hemorrhagic fever (n = 11) were the common primary diagnosis. Initial hemodynamic stabilization was achieved in all. The mean (SD plasma volume (saline--53.4 (2.0 mL/kg, gelatin polymer--53.2 (1.9 mL/kg), extracellular fluid volume, total body water and interstitial fluid volume at the end of first hour of resuscitation were similar. The requirement of inotropes, incidence of organ dysfunction and case fatality rate (Saline--29%, gelatin polymer--31%), were similar in two groups. CONCLUSION: Both normal saline and gelatin polymer solution were equally effective as resuscitation fluid with respect to restoration of plasma volume and hemodynamic stability. Normal saline upto 110 mL/kg, and gelatin polymer solution upto 70 mL/kg may be required in first hour for successful fluid resuscitation of septic shock in children.

Does preloading with colloids prevent hemodynamic changes when neurosurgical patients are subsequently changed to the seated position?

OBJECTIVE: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to determine and compare the usefulness of preloading colloids (Haemaccel) 10 ml/Kg before positioning whether it can prevent hemodynamic changes during seated positioning or not. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors studied 20 patients by randomly dividing them into 2 groups. The control group was given crystalloid as maintenance and deposit replacement but the study group was given extra colloids 10 ml/Kg 30 minutes before starting general anesthesia. Both groups were monitored and given anesthesia, balanced technique. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, central venous pressure (CVP) at different time intervals in the sitting position for 30 minutes were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by Student t-test, Chi-square test and ANOVA (p-value < 0. 05 considered significant). RESULTS: The results showed that systolic blood pressure at 15, 20, 30 minutes and CVP at 15, 25, 30 minutes after positioning in the study group was maintained significantly compared to the control group and there were no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. There were no other complications during the sitting period. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that preloading colloid fluid prior to repositioning could prevent the decrease of systolic blood pressure and central venous pressure during sitting positioning without other complications.

Total abdominal paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with ascites with I/V albumin of polygeline

Ascites is a frequently encountered problem in Cirrhotics and Total Abdominal Paracentesis is an easy and quick way of relieving these patients. To observe the Total Abdominal Paracentesis with IV Albumin or Hemaccel and observe systemic hemodynamics, electrolytes and renal function. Material and 30 patients who were admitted in A.S.H. were included in study. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, child Grade, increased Prothrombin time etc. were excluded. Out of 30 patients enrolled, one expired as he was erroneously included in study. In rest of patients all were hemodynamically stable after one day. Total Abdominal Paracentesis is a safe procedure and can be used to relieve patients with tenso ascites in fast and safe way

Neonatal polycythemia: effects of partial exchange transfusion using fresh frozen plasma, Haemaccel and normal saline.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal polycythemia remains a significant clinical problem in Thailand. Partial exchanges transfusion (PET) with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) has been the mainstay of management for this condition in Thailand. Since FFP is difficult to find in certain areas and can cause concerns of transfusion related diseases, this study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of using plasma substitute and normal saline (NSS) for PET in the newborn infant with polycythemia. OBJECTIVE: 1. To compare the rate and duration of decrease of venous hematocrit (Hct) before and after PET with FFP, Haemaccel and NSS. 2. To compare any complications from using FFP, Haemaccel and NSS such as coagulation defect, electrolytes change, etc. in PET. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: A randomized prospective trial was conducted in Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital. The first phase of study: July 1, 1993 to June 30, 1994: randomized prospective trial using FFP or Haemaccel for PET in 26 newborn infants with polycythemia. The second phase of study: July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1995: consecutive enrollment trial using NSS for PET in 38 consecutive newborn infants with polycythemia. RESULTS: There was significant decrease in Hct in both groups after PET but there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of decrease of Hct. There was no significant difference in biochemical profiles in both groups of infants 24 hours after PET. In the NSS group, there was significant decrease of Hct level after PET. There was no significant change of biochemical profiles and coagulation activity in these patients 24 hours after exchange transfusion. There were 2 patients with complications related to umbilical venous catheter and PET. CONCLUSION: Haemaccel and NSS can be safely used for PET to treat neonatal polycythemia. However, the attending physician should be aware of possible complications related to umbilical venous catheterization and PET.

Ascitic fluid filtration and intravenous infusion versus total-volume paracentesis with infusion of plasma expander in cirrhosis with tense or intractable ascites.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cirrhotic ascites have low serum albumin levels, and paracentesis of ascitic fluid could compromise them further. AIM: We compared the therapeutic efficacy of ascitic fluid filtration and concentrate infusion (AFI) versus total-volume paracentesis (TVP) with colloid infusion in control of tense or intractable cirrhotic ascites. METHODS: Ten patients underwent AFI; their ascitic fluid was filtered repeatedly through hollow-fiber hemodialyzer, and the concentrate reinfused intravenously. In ten patients TVP was done with simultaneous intravenous colloid infusion. Follow-up was done weekly and the study terminated if the patient needed diuretics or developed complications. RESULTS: Pre-study parameters were similar in the two groups. In the AFI and TVP groups, the duration of procedure was median 12 hours and 5.5 hours; fluid removed by paracentesis was 10.2 L and 8.0 L, respectively; and fluid infused intravenously was 0.5 L [with mean (SD) protein content 5.7 (1.3) g/dl] and 1.1 L, respectively. Glomerular filtration rates were lower than normal in the two groups but did not change significantly with the procedure; body weight remained significantly lower up to week 3 and week 2, respectively. The study was terminated at median week 3 (range 1-8) and week 2 (1-4), respectively. Fever was an accompaniment of AFI and one patient developed peritonitis. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing AFI remained diuretic-free longer; the procedure is cost-effective but needs to be further evaluated to minimize the side-effects.

Seguridad del Haemaccel/Solucel en pacientes sometidos a hemodilución normovolémica intencional preoperatoria (Estudio multicéntrico internacional)

El uso de Haemaccel/Soluccel en 305 pacientes sometidos a hemodilución preoperatoria normovolémica intencional, ha sido documentada en un estudio abierto, prospectivo, multicéntrico, controlado y multinacional (doce centros en 5 países). Los hallazgos reproducen el índice bajo de efectos adversos encontrados en la literatura corriente

Transfusión autóloga y hemodilución aguda en cirugía torácica: variación de parámetros fisiológicos / Autologous blood infusion combined with normovolemic haemodilution with poligeline colloid

En 20 pacientes (1 HIV+) que iban a ser operados por cirugía torácica se efectuó transfusión autóloga en agudo asociada a hemodilución normovolémica con coloide de poligelina al 3,5 por ciento . Antes y después de la exanguinación y la infusión del coloide se midió la presión arterial media, la frecuencia cardiaca y el hemocrito al comienzo y fin del procesamiento. El tiempo promedio de extracción y reinfusión fue de 28 y 22 minutos respectivamente. La caída media del hematocrito fue de 4,3 puntos (p<0,01) mientras que la presión arterial media bajó 10 por ciento y la frecuencia cardíaca se elevó 12 por ciento . Luego de la infusión del coloide los parámetros encontraron casi los niveles iniciales, lo que permitió iniciar la anestesia prácticamente en las condiciones basales. Las variaciones tensionales entre los tres momentos no alcanzaron significación estadística, mientras que las del pulso fueron significativas (p<0,05). Se concluye que el método de complejidad mínima y escasa o nula repercusión hemodinámica, es de utilidad en las operaciones torácicas al permitir hacer una reserva extra de sangre

A Clinical Study on Haemaccel / 대한마취과학회지

To determine the effects of Haemaccel upon liver, kidney, serum electrolytos and hemostatic functions, 500 ml. of 3.5% Haemaccel solution was administered intravenously to 20 patients during elective surgery. In all cases estimated blood loss was less than 600 ml. without replacement. RBC, WBC, hemoglobin; hematocrit, ESR, platelet, bleeding time, coagulation time and prothrombin time were determined immediately before, and again 30 minutes and 5 hours after infusion; and total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, sodium and potassium were ehecked immediately before, and again 5 hours and 24 hours after the end of infusion. The results are as follows: 1) No anaphylactic shock or bleeding tendency characteristic of colloids was encountered. 2) No functional disturbances of liver or kidney directly attributable to Haemaccel were identified. 3) No pathological changes were noted in general laboratpry parameters except for elevated ESR, probably due to decreased blood viscosity, dilution of blood and to pseudoagglutination of red cells.

Experimental Studies on the Vitreous Substitutes

Experimental replacements of rabbit vitreous by air, normal saline, dextran and Haemaccel were tried in albino rabbits. After aspiration of 0.7ml of liquid vitreous from the central portion of vitreous, 0.5ml of substitutes were injected. Clinically, these substitutes were well tolerated with slight uveal inflammation which subsided within one week. Intraocular pussure returned to normal value after 5 days. Hexosamine content of the whole vitreous samples showed moderate increase after Haemaccel injection which decreased slowly thereafter, whereas no significant changes were observed with other substitutes. Hydroxyproline content of the whole vitreous also showed marked increase after injection of Haemaccel, owing to the high hydroxyproline content of HaemacceJ. After 6 weeks 22.9% of the injected hydroxyproline remained in the vitreous. With other substitutes no change was observed.